Mechanical study point

 Steel: Steel is composition of carbon and iron in fixed ratio below 1.5 % carbon available in steel alloy  There are some types of steel available  1.Dead mild steel  2. Low carbon steel  3. Medium carbon steel  4. High carbon steel   5.special steel  6. High speed steel   Dead mild steel:   In this composition of carbon  is below. 0.015 %   and remaining iron. Used for sheet metal, rod, etc.  Low carbon steel:  0.015 -0.3 % Carbon present   in this composition and remain iron  Medium carbon steel :  0.3- 0.8 % of carbon present in this composition used in crane hook, hammer, iron rod,  etc High carbon steel:  Carbon present 0.8-1.5 % and remain iron It is used in tool as chisel and hammer, cutting tool, etc.  Stainless steel :  It is special alloy steel which is composition of chromium and carbon, iron. Chromium used for corrosion prevent element and increase hardnes...

 Reciprocating pump :  It is positive displacement pump which produce high pressure of fluid and low discharge. By piston and Plunger arrangements. Is is used in Industry .  Reciprocating pump Working of pump :  In above arrangement, crank rotate by motor crank rotates the piston in the cylinder. Which produce Suction pressure  in th inlet valve so sucked water through the inlet pipe and delivered the water through the pipe.  Axial flow pump : It is give the high discharge and low pressure pump where the water flow through the axis of pump inlet and outlet pipe .  Working : Axial impeller is used for produce the  suction pressure and impeller arrange in axial  form.  Axial flow pump

pump :  Pump is mechanical device which produce hydraulic energy of  water by mechanical energy.  Types of pump:  Centrifugal pump  There is three main important pumps  1. Centrifugal pump  2. Reciprocating pump  2. Axial flow pump  1. Centrifugal pump :  It is negative displacement type pump, which give hydraulic energy by rotating impeller (mechanical energy) . Impeller rotate by electricity.  This pump give the low pressure and high discharge of water. It is used  in chemical industry and general works.  Main part of centrifugal pump : 1. Impeller  2. Casing  3.Inlet (suction pipe)  4. Outlet ( delivery pipe)  5. Control valve  1. Impeller :   It  is part of pump where the blade is mounted on the impeller those produce the suction pressure.    2. Casing:  It is covering of impeller which is generally made of casing iron. And it is help in make suction pressure gene...

  Boiler mounting:  1. Pressure gauge 2. Feed check valve 3. Water level indicator 4. Stream stop valve  5. Fusible plug Above all  devices mounting on the boiler  Pressure gauge :  It is measure the pressure of stream so it is show the quality of stream. high  pressure stream is supersaturated stream and low pressure stream is saturated stream.  Feed check valve  :   It is measure the quality of water available on the boiler which is help  prevent to damage of Of tube   because of tube will damage due to high temperatures.  Water level Indicator :   It is measure the level of water in the boiler it is fitted between stream and water portions  .  Stream stop valve :   It is control the stream of boiler.  Fusible plug:  It is a safety device which prevent the blast of boiler because Of maintain the pressure of stream. It  is release the high pressure of  stream by fusin...

  Boiler : It is closed vessels which produce the stream by combustion of fuel. It is generally made of cast iron steel.  Types of boiler : On the basis of fire  1. Internal fire  2. External fire On the basis of tube  1 . single tube boiler  2. Multiple tube boiler  On the basis of pressure  1. Water tube  boiler  2. Fire tube boiler  On the basis of fuel  1 . Coal 2. Charcoal  On the basis of axis  1. Vertical tube boiler  2. Horizontal tube boiler  Efficiency of boiler  :    -  stream produce per hour /fuel consumption  : Ms (h1-h2) /Mf .2257 Where Ms is mass of stream And   Mf  mass  of fuel  Thanks            

 Power generation process :  Boiler <turbine <condenser Boiler :  Boiler is a closed vessel which produce the  stream by combustion of fuel. It is working at constant pressure.  Turbine : It is a mechanical device where the stream is expand on the nozzle and blades so produce Rotating shaft will rotate by expansion of stream. And produce the mechanical energy.  Condenser :  Condenser is the device where stream is condensed and transfer to boiler. Condenser is working at constant pressure .  Thanks. 

           Method of heat tranfer  1. Conduction 2. Convection  3. Radiation  Conduction : conduction is method of tranfer the  heat by atom to atom (it is possible in solid) atom to atom distance is zero ( danse molecules structure)  Example : A iron rod one end is hot and other end is also will hot because heat is tranfer from higher temperature to lower temperature.  Convection :  in this method  molecule  of liquid can move during heat tranfer  Example : ,lower molecule of liquid  is heat so upper molecule of liquid will also heat due to convection method  Radiation :  Heat is tranfer without medium  Example :  A conduction rod is in sun so rod will heat without any medium 

                          Heat exchanger   Heat exchanger is a device mechanical device which extract the heat from system and generate low temperature  There are different types of heat exchanger  1. Single tube heat exchanger  2.Tube in tube heat exchanger  3. Finstype heat exchanger  4. Plate type heat exchanger  But mainly  shell type  Tube type Plate type  Fins type :  in this,increasing  area by fins of alluminium and copper  so dissipated the heat from higher to lower temperature.  As : Radiator of automobile  Tube type :  in this ,heat is  flow in the tube and heat is dissipate heat the atmosphere by conduction method.  As : chemical plant  Plate types:  It is also same as fine types heat exchanger.  Increase area for rejected the heat from the systems.  Thanks  

                                 Heat pump Heat pump is mechanical device which is tranfer the heat or temperature from lower to higher source  Generally heat pump used in refrigerator or ac etc  Let s the lower temperature is T2     And higher temperature is T2  Then  Efficiency of pump                                          T2/ T1-T1 Or              lower temperature/ diff of higher and lower temperature  

                                Heat engine Heat engine is a mechanical device, which is convert the  chemical energy of fuel into mechanical or useful energy  is called heat engine .  Efficiency of heat engine  - output /input  Or        = 1- T1/T2  Where   T1  is Lower temperature      And  T2 is Higher temperature   As figure below