Mechanical study point

First law of thermodynamics : According to first law of thermodynamics ,state that the heat energy  is equal to sum of  internal energy and work done . so    Q = U + W   Where the U is internal energy of system and w is work done of system  It is based on the conservation of energy . For cyclic process :  Where the cyclic process the internal energy of  system is zero . Q = W For isochoric process : the volume is constant  so work done the system of zero . Q  = U  Mayer's formula :    According to this law , Internal energy  = mCvdT    and  work done  =  nRdT Heat energy  = mCp dT so, put the value  in  Q = U + W Cp -Cv  = R Its detail shown in below video 

Thermodynamics process :   Isobaric process : In this process pressure constant V/T = Constant Work done  = P(V1-V2) Isochoric process : In tjis process the volume is constant  so work done in this process is zero . W =0    Adiabatic process   : In this process the energy is not transfer  to the system and surrounding  Q = 0 Reversible  process  : in this process the  which have return its original state to final state without changing of thermodynamic property is called the reversible process. Irreversible process : In this process the which have return its original state to final sate with changing thermodynamics property. Polytrophic  process ;   In this process the pressure and volume ,  temperature are variable but entropy is constant. Work done = P1V1 - P2V2 /1-n More details in below video  

Terminology of basic thermodynamics  Process : Any change a system undergoes from one equilibrium state  to another is called the process . Path : Series of state which a system passed during the process is called path. Cycle : The process initial and final state are same where the internal energy is zero . Heat :   Heat is type of energy which flow from high temperature to the lower temperature  . Thermal equilibrium :  When two body are in thermal equilibrium then they have zero temperature difference  . Specific heat :   Required heat to raise the 1C temperature of 1 kg of substance is called the specific heat  . Q = McdT Latent heat : Required heat to change the phase of substance is called latent heat. Q = M L   More detail in below video     

Thermodynamics system : It is define as quantity of matter or space or space choose whre thermodynamics study are perform , mass outside the system is called the surrounding . Universe = System + Surrounding  Types of system Open system : In this system  the mass and energy both are transfer the system and surrounding is called system . Close system : In this system , the mass is not transfer but energy is transfer to the system and surrounding is called closed system . Isolated system :  In this system, where the energy and mass is not transfer to the system and surrounding is called the isolated system . Thermodynamics  property  :  It is show characteristic feature of  system . there are two types of property   Extensive property : This property depend on the mass size of matter is called extensive property   Example : mass , volume , energy and internal energy  etc Intensive   property :  This property...

Dimensional number for fluid mechanics   Froude number :  It is the ratio of inertia force to the gravity force . Weber number : Is is the ratio of inertia force to the surface tension force . Mech number : It is the ratio of local velocity to the speed in vacuum Reynold number : It is the ratio of inertia force to the viscous force is called Reynold number More detail in below video  

Application of Bernoulli's theorem : Venturi meter   : It is device which ,measure the discharge of pipe .  It is based on the Bernoulli's  theorem  . Orifice meter : It is measure the  discharge of liquid and based on the conservation of energy. Pitote tube : It is measure the velocity of discharge of liquid and it is based on the conservation of liquid . V = Square of (2gh) Darcy's formula : Head loss due to friction head along length of pipe to average velocity of flow of fluid . Head of friction = 4flv2/2gD For laminar flow :   16/Re Where f is the friction of factor ,L is length ,V velocity of pipe  D is diameter  ,Re is Reynold number . Reynold number :   It the ratio of inertia force to the viscous force   it has not dimensionless formula  Re =pVD/ Dynamic   For laminar flow =  Re <2000 Translational flow  :     2000<Re>4000  Turbulent flow :  Re>4000 Kin...

Basic terminology of fluid mechanics  Steady flow : In this flow velocity of fluid particle don't change with time at fixed point of fluid is called steady flow. Unsteady flow: In this flow velocity of particle change with time at fixed point of fluid is called unsteady fluid . Uniform flow : In this flow the magnitude of flow don't change (same ) at point of fluid . Non-uniform flow: In this flow the magnitude of flow  change (different) at point of fluid . Laminar flow :   In this flow fluid particle move in smooth and regular in motion is called laminar fluid is called laminar fluid and it is also  called steam line flow . Turbulent flow :   In this flow fluid particle move in randomly  and irregular  in motion is called laminar fluid is called laminar fluid. Continuity equation : According to this law the inlet fluid is equal to outlet fluid this law based on the conservation of mass . Q = p.A.V   Where the Q is discharge of fluid and p is...

Classification of fluid   Ideal fluid :      A  fluid which have incompressible and zero viscosity is known as ideal fluid .but it is not real fluid . Real fluid :  A fluid which have compressible and  viscous is known as real fluid .but it is not imaginary  fluid . Newtonian fluid :According to this law the shear force is directly proportional to Velocity gradient is known as Newtonian fluid .  Shear force = n.dv/dy Non-Newtonian fluid : According to this law the shear force is not  directly proportional to Velocity gradient is known as Non-Newtonian fluid .  ideal Plastic fluid : A fluid which shear force is more than the yielding value and shear force is directly proportional to shear strain is called the ideal plastic fluid . Some important value for different fluid :  

 Bevel gear ; It is used to transfer power between the shaft , which are inclined to each other and lie in same plane. In this type of gear , straight helical teeth cut on its periphery , which are uniform in shape and situated in equal distance  . Below figure of bevel gear.                                                                        Bevel gear Helical gear : In helical gear . teeth are cut at angle to axis of rotation . it is used to transmit the power between two parallel shaft . helical gear are run more slightly than the spur gear  these gear are widely used in automobile vehicles. there are two types of helical gear  1. Single helical gear  2. Double helical gear (Herringbone gear) Helical gear

 Gear  : Gear is a mechanical device which transfer motion from one shaft to another shaft which is parallel to each other and minimum distance between shaft . it is formed high pair mechanism gear use no intermediate link or connector and transmit the motion by direct contact. Types of gear 1. Spur gear                                                                           4.worm and wheel gear 2.bevel gear                                                                          5. rack pinion gear 3.Helical gear                          ...

 Pressure :   Pressure is a physical quantity which is measure as force per unit area that is called pressure . P = F /A      Lets A contains filled up to H height of  liquid (like water) and W force(weight of liquid) act on  the surface area of container(A) Pressure = force /area           then  F = Mg  , P = Mg/A         -----------(1) We know that , Density = Mass /volume = M/A.H   , M = Density x A.H From Equation (1)   P =Density xA.H . g /A Then,         P  =  Density(p) x g.h P  = p.g.H

 Welding : Welding is the process of joint which are joint two or more parts are joint by fusion of metal or nonmetal process by the heat and allowing cooling so formed that joint is known as welding process. there are two types of welding  1. Solid types  welding :   Forging welding   : In this welding process metal are pressurized (without melting) and produce the heat between the metal joints by friction process that types of joint is called solid state welding . 2.Fusion type welding  : In this welding process , metal to metal fusion (with melting ) are melt so molecule of atom are charged and start motion to other metal pieces so formed the joint is called fusion welding process.

 Governors : The function of governor is to maintains or regulate the  speed of engine within specified limit whenever there is variation of load. Flywheel and governor both are used to maintained the speed of engine but difference between governor and flywheel is that : Governor maintained the speed the of engine  due to fluctuation of speed of engine (cyclic revolution) figure below : Governor   More study on : http://msp13.blogspot.com/

 Hard water :     The water in which soluble bicarbonate of Ca and Mg are present are present is called temporary hard water and in which soluble the Sulphates  and chlorides of Mg and Ca are present is called the permanent hard water .  Temporary hardness of water  removed by boiling and adding by calcium  hydroxide . Permanent  hardness of water remove by sodium carbonate and Calgon and zeolite. More study on : https://msp13.blogspot.com/