About the Redford

About  the Redford :

 Red Fort, also called Lal Qalʿah, also spelled Lal Kila or Lal Qila, Mughal fort in Old Delhi, India. It was built by Shah Jahān in the mid-17th century and remains a major tourist attraction. The fort was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2007.

Red Fort, designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2007, Old Delhi, India.

The fort’s massive red sandstone walls, which stand 75 feet (23 metres) high, enclose a complex of palaces and entertainment halls, projecting balconies, baths and indoor canals, and geometrical gardens, as well as an ornate mosque. Among the most famous structures of the complex are the Hall of Public Audience (Diwan-i-ʿAm), which has 60 red sandstone pillars supporting a flat roof, and the Hall of Private Audience (Diwan-i-Khas), which is smaller and has a pavilion of white marble.

Red Fort, designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2007, Old Delhi, India.

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An earlier red fort had been built in Old Delhi in the 11th century by the Tomara king Anangapala. The Quṭb Mosque now stands 

This article was most recently revised and updated by Adam Zeidan.

World Heritage site

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World Heritage site, any of various areas or objects inscribed on the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage List. The sites are designated as having “outstanding universal value” under the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. This document was adopted by UNESCO in 1972 and formally took effect in 1975 after having been ratified by 20 countries. It provides a framework for international cooperation in preserving and protecting cultural treasures and natural areas throughout the 

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Ajanta Caves: reclining Buddha

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Designating World Heritage sites

There are three types of sites: cultural, natural, and mixed. Cultural heritage sites include hundreds of historic buildings and town sites, important archaeological sites, and works of monumental sculpture or painting. Natural heritage sites are restricted to those natural areas that (1) furnish outstanding examples of Earth’s record of life or its geologic processes, (2) provide excellent examples of ongoing ecological and biological evolutionary processes, (3) contain natural phenomena that are rare, unique, superlative, or of outstanding beauty, or (4) furnish habitats for rare or endangered animals or plants or are sites of exceptional biodiversity. Mixed heritage sites contain elements of both natural and cultural significance. The ratio of cultural to natural sites on the World Heritage List is roughly 3 to 1. Several new sites are added to the list at the middle of each year (until 2002, sites were added in December).

Geiranger Fjord, southwestern Norway; example of a natural World Heritage site (designated 2005).

Geiranger Fjord, southwestern Norway; example of a natural World Heritage site (designated 2005).

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Aboriginal rock painting, Kakadu National Park, northern Australia; example of a mixed cultural and natural World Heritage site (designated 1981; extended 1987, 1992).

Aboriginal rock painting, Kakadu National Park, northern Australia; example of a mixed cultural and natural World Heritage site (designated 1981; extended 1987, 1992).

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Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Paris, France.

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World Heritage Sites in France Quiz

Which giant bridge-aqueduct was constructed in the 1st century CE to carry water to the city now called Nîmes? The Gothic cathedral of Saint-Étienne, construction of which began at the end of the 12th century, dominates which town? Test your knowledge. Take the quiz.

Origins of the World Heritage Convention

Travel down the Nile to discover important ancient Egyptian cultural sites such as the Pyramids of Giza

Travel down the Nile to discover important ancient Egyptian cultural sites such as the Pyramids of Giza

A discussion of some of the most important sites associated with ancient mech study point  Inc.

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The primary impetus for the adoption of the World Heritage Convention was the construction of the Aswan High Dam. In 1959 the governments of the United Arab Republic (U.A.R.; now Egypt and Syria) and Sudan turned to UNESCO for help in salvaging the ancient sites and monuments of Egyptian Nubia. The sites were threatened with destruction by the great lake which would build up behind the new dam at Aswān. UNESCO responded with an appeal to the international community for assistance, and the result was the largest archaeological rescue operation in his story 

Abu Simbel archaeological site, containing two temples built by the Egyptian king Ramses II (reigned 1279–13 BCE), now located in Aswān muḥāfaẓah (governorate), southern Egypt. On the left is the main temple, dedicated to the sun gods Amon-Re and Re-Horakhte, and on the right is the smaller temple dedicated to Nefertari for the worship of the goddess Hathor.

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The Nubian preservation campaign

Aerial archaeological surveys were carried out by UNESCO in collaboration with the governments of the U.A.R. and Sudan in 1960. The UNESCO mission in Sudan, while assisting the national expeditions in providing survey data and a photographic laboratory at Wādī Ḥalfā, made ground surveys of the many islands of the Second Cataract and of sections of the east and west banks of the Nile River. In addition, the mission recorded and excavated a considerable number of sites. An Old Kingdom town was discovered at Buhen, providing evidence of a much earlier Egyptian penetration of Kush than was previously believed. The town was preserved and relocated. A chain of Middle Kingdom mud brick fortresses near the Second Cataract received well-merited attention but could not be salvaged, because of the nature of their construction. Expeditions uncovered rich remains of Nubian A Group and C Group people, in the shape of cemeteries and even houses, and much was added to the knowledge of these historically significant cultures. Explorations at Qaṣr Ibrīm yielded a splendid array of bronze vessels, glassware, ornaments, and iron weapons, as well as large numbers of early manuscripts in Old Nubian, Coptic, and Arabic. A spectacular find was made in the great basilica hidden beneath the mound at Faras West (Pachoras) where excavators removed and restored over 100 remarkable frescoes.

Nubia

Nubia

Ancient region of Nubin

While these efforts represented a remarkable international undertaking, the preservation and relocation of the temples of Nubia posed a challenge of a much greater magnitude. UNESCO’s Executive Committee of the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia undertook a massive fund-raising effort, and so generous was the world’s response that virtually all the significant temples and shrines of Nubia were preserved. The salvaging of the two rock-cut temples, of Ramses II and Queen Nefertari, at Abu Simbel, posed unprecedented problems. The plan—to remove the overlying sandstone, dissect the temples in the interior of the cliff, and reassemble them on a prepared site on the plateau above—was successfully carried out by late 1967. Covering the temples were concrete domes which in turn would be buried under artificial hills that would reproduce as far as possible the landscape of the original setting.

Colossal statues of Ramses II seated at the main entrance to the Great Temple at Abu Simbel, near Aswān, Egypt.

Fifteen other temples were salvaged in Egyptian Nubia, including the large Egypto-Roman temple of Kalabsha, which now stands some 30 miles (50 km) from the place of its foundation. All three 18th-dynasty temples of Sudanese Nubia—Semna East, Semna West, and Buhen—were re-erected on the grounds of the new archaeological museum in Khartoum. The removal of Hatshepsut’s temple at Buhen exposed, for the first time in 3,500 years, the foundations of the original Middle Kingdom temple beneath. A group of Ptolemaic-Roman temples on the island of Philae, downstream of the high dam, were relocated to the nearby island of Agilkia 

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